Heads

Definition

Heads is the first fraction in the distillation process and is collected at the beginning of each distillation run. It contains the most volatile compounds and is often dominated by methanol as well as other low-molecular-weight substances. Because of its sharp aroma and potential health risks, heads are normally not desired in whisky and are separated from the heart and tails in the production flow.

Chemical composition

Typical components in heads include: - Methanol (methyl alcohol) - Acetaldehyde - Ethyl acetate - Acetone - Smaller amounts of other low-molecular-weight alcohols and aldehydes

Sensory profile

Heads often give sharp, solvent-like or green notes and can contribute to a short, intense presentation in the aroma. The taste can be unpleasant if they are present in whisky, and the finish is often short.

Significance for whisky production

The goal in a traditional distillation run is to obtain the heart as the desired fraction and to avoid including heads in whisky production. Removal of heads helps to minimize off-flavours and toxic trace compounds and contributes to the purity and stability of the final spirit.

Handling and cut

The transition between heads, heart and tails is assessed through a combination of smell, taste and, where relevant, measurement data. The heads cut is determined by the distillery's practices and may mean that this fraction is discarded entirely or diverted to a later redistillation along with other fractions.

Safety and health

Methanol is toxic even in small amounts, which makes the removal of the head fraction important. Production adheres to applicable safety standards and laws governing alcoholic beverages.